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Evolution Site - Teaching About Evolution
Despite the best efforts of biology educators, misconceptions about evolution remain. Pop science nonsense has led people to think that biologists don't believe in evolution.
This rich Web site, a companion to the PBS program, provides teachers with materials that support the evolution of education, while avoiding the kinds of misconceptions that hinder it. It's organized in a nested "bread crumb" format for ease of navigation and orientation.
Definitions
It is difficult to properly teach evolution. It is often misunderstood even by non-scientists, and even some scientists use a definition that confuses the issue. This is especially relevant to debates about the meaning of the word itself.
It is therefore crucial to define the terms that are used in evolutionary biology. Understanding Evolution's website does this in an easy and helpful manner. The site is a companion to the series that first aired in 2001, but it can also function as an independent resource. The material is presented in an organized manner that makes it simpler to navigate and understand.
The site defines terms like common ancestor, gradual process, and adaptation. These terms help to define the nature of evolution and its relationship to evolution with other scientific concepts. The website then provides an overview of how the concept of evolution has been tested and verified. This information will help to dispel the myths created by creationists.
It is also possible to access the glossary of terms used in evolutionary biology. These terms include:
The process of adaptation is the tendency of heritable traits to be better suited to an environment. This is the result of natural selection. It occurs when organisms that are better adapted traits are more likely survive and reproduce than those with less adaptable traits.
Common ancestor (also called common ancestor) is the most recent ancestral ancestor shared by two or more species. The common ancestor can be identified by studying the DNA of those species.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A large biological molecular containing the necessary information for cell replication. The information is stored in nucleotide sequences which are strung into long chains known as chromosomes. Mutations are the cause of new genetic information in cells.
Coevolution: A relationship between two species in which evolutionary changes in one species are dependent on evolutionary changes in the other. Examples of coevolution are the interactions between predator and prey or the parasite and the host.
Origins
Species (groups of individuals that can interbreed) develop through a series of natural changes in the traits of their offspring. These changes can be caused by many factors, such as natural selection, gene drift and mixing of the gene pool. The evolution of a new species could take thousands of years, and the process could be slowed down or speeded up by environmental factors like climate change or the competition for food or habitat.
The Evolution site traces the emergence of a variety of animal and plant groups through time, focusing on the major changes that took place in each group's history. It also explores human evolution and is a subject of particular importance to students.
When Darwin wrote the Origin, only a handful of antediluvian human fossils had been found. The skullcap that is famous, along with the associated bones, was discovered in 1856 in the Little Feldhofer Grotto of Germany. It is now recognized as an early Homo neanderthalensis. Although the skullcap was not published until 1858, just one year after the first edition of the Origin was published, it is highly unlikely that Darwin had seen or heard of it.
While the site focuses on biology, it includes a good deal of information on geology and paleontology. Among the best features of the Web site are a set of timelines which show how geological and climatic conditions have changed over time, as well as a map of the geographical distribution of some fossil groups that are featured on the site.
While the site is a companion to a PBS television show, it also stands on its own as a valuable resource for teachers and students. The site is very well-organized and has clear links between the introduction content in Understanding Evolution (developed with support from the National Science Foundation) and the more specific elements of the museum Web site. These links make it easier to transition from the cartoon-style Understanding Evolution pages into the more sophisticated worlds of research science. There are links to John Endler’s experiments with guppies that illustrate the importance ecology in evolutionary theory.
Diversity
The [evolution](https://evolutionkr.kr/) of life has produced a variety of animals, plants and insects. Paleobiology, the study of these creatures within their geological environment, has many advantages over the current observational or experimental methods for exploring evolutionary phenomena. In addition to examining the processes and events that happen regularly or over a lengthy period of time, paleobiology can be used to analyze the relative abundance of various species of organisms and their distribution across the geological time.
The Web site is divided into several optional paths to learning evolution that include "Evolution 101," which takes the user on a linear path through the scientific process and the evidence supporting the theory of evolution. The path also explores common misconceptions about evolution and the evolution theory's history.
Each of the main sections of the Evolution website is equally well-designed, with materials that can be used to support a variety of educational levels and teaching styles. The site offers a wide array of interactive and multimedia resources which include animations, video clips and virtual labs as well as general textual content. The content is laid out in a nested bread crumb style that facilitates navigation and orientation within the large web site.
For instance the page "Coral Reef Connections" gives a brief overview of the relationships between corals and their interactions with other organisms. Then, it narrows down to a single clam that can communicate with its neighbors and respond to changes in the water conditions that take place at the reef level. This page, along with the other multidisciplinary, multimedia and interactive pages on the site, offer an excellent introduction to a broad variety of topics in evolutionary biology. The content also includes an explanation of the role of natural selection and the concept of phylogenetic analysis, which is an important tool for understanding the evolution of change.
Evolutionary Theory
Evolution is a common thread that runs through all branches of biology. A wide range of resources can help teachers teach about evolution across all life sciences.
One resource, which is a companion to the PBS television series Understanding Evolution, is an exceptional example of an Web site that offers both the depth and breadth of its educational resources. The site has a variety of interactive learning modules. It also features a "bread crumb structure" that assists students in moving away from the cartoon-like style that is used in Understanding Evolution and onto elements on this large website more closely linked to the realms of research science. For instance an animation that explains the notion of genetic inheritance leads to a page highlighting John Endler's artificial selection experiments using guppies in the ponds of his native country of Trinidad.
Another helpful resource is the Evolution Library on this site, which contains an extensive multimedia library of resources related to evolution. The contents are organized into courses that are based on curriculum and follow the learning objectives outlined in biology standards. It includes seven short videos specifically designed for use in the classroom, and can be streamed for free or purchased on DVD.
Many important questions remain in the midst of evolutionary biology, including what triggers evolution and how fast it occurs. This is especially true for the evolution of humans where it was a challenge to reconcile religious beliefs that held that humanity has a unique position in the universe and a soul, with the notion that our physical traits evolved from apes.
Additionally, there are a number of ways in which evolution could occur with natural selection being the most popular theory. Scientists also study different types such as mutation, genetic drift and sexual selection.
Many fields of inquiry are in conflict with the literal interpretations of religious texts evolutionary biology has been the subject of fierce debate and opposition from religious fundamentalists. Certain religions have reconciled their beliefs with evolutionary biology, while others haven't.